Moderate volcanic eruptions and extreme wildfires humidify the stratosphere

Nature, Published online: 01 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10731-0Observations and modelling show that volcanic eruptions and extreme wildfires have systematically increased stratospheric water vapour since 2005, revealing that the…

Nature, Published online: 01 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10731-0

Observations and modelling show that volcanic eruptions and extreme wildfires have systematically increased stratospheric water vapour since 2005, revealing that these episodic aerosol perturbations are a previously overlooked driver of stratospheric water vapour variability.